Increase Text SizeDecrease Text SizeText Size Print this page

IN THIS SECTION

KNOW YOUR TRASH FACTS

About 80% of what Americans throw away is recyclable, yet our recycling rate is just 33%. (Environmental Protection Agency)

More than ½ million trees are saved each year by recycling paper in Boulder County. (Eco-Cycle)

By recycling more than 57,000 tons of steel cans, we reduce greenhouse gasses equivalent to taking more than 21,000 cars off the road each year. (WM)

Recycling glass instead of making it from silica sand reduces mining waste by 70%, water use by 50%, and air pollution by 20%. (Environmental Defense Fund)

If we recycled all of the newspapers printed in the U.S. on a typical Sunday, we would save 550,000 trees—or about 26 million trees per year. (California Department of Conservation)

The energy saved each year by steel recycling is equal to the electrical power used by 18 million homes each year—or enough energy to last Los Angeles residents for eight years. (Steel Recycling Institute)

The total volume of solid waste produced in the U.S. each year is equal to the weight of more than 5,600 Nimitz Class air craft carriers, 247,000 space shuttles, or 2.3 million Boeing 747 jumbo jets. (Beck)

An average kitchen-size bag of trash contains enough energy to light a 100-watt light bulb for more than 24 hours. (Covanta)

The solid waste industry currently produces more than half of America's renewable energy, more than combined energy outputs of the solar, geothermal, hydroelectric, and wind power industries. (U.S. DOE, Energy Information Administration)

Recycling 1 ton of paper saves 17 trees, 2 barrels of oil (enough to run the average car for 1,260 miles), 4,100 kilowatts of energy (enough power for the average home for 6 months), 3.2 cubic yards of landfill space, and 60 pounds of air pollution. (Trash to Cash)

Recycling just one aluminum can saves enough energy to operate a TV for 3 hours. (Eco-Cycle)

Glass can be recycled an indefinite number of times and never wears out. (National Recycling Coalition)

Making glass from recycled material cuts related water pollution by 50%. (National Recycling Coalition)

If we put all of the solid waste collected in the U.S. in a line of average garbage trucks, that line of trucks could cross the country, extending from New York City to Los Angeles, more than 100 times. (Beck)

Five PET bottles (plastic soda bottles) yield enough fiber for one extra large T-shirt, one square food of carpet or enough fiber fill to fill one ski jacket. (National Recycling Coalition)

The average person has the opportunity to recycle more than 25,000 cans in a lifetime. (National Recycling Coalition)

Americans throw away enough office paper each year to build a 12-foot-high wall of paper from New York to Seattle. (National Recycling Coalition)

The average American discards seven and a half pounds of garbage every day. (National Recycling Coalition)

Once an aluminum can is recycled, it's back on the grocery shelf as another aluminum can in 60 days. (www.aluminum.org)

Americans throw away enough aluminum every three months to rebuild our entire commercial air fleet. (www.aluminum.org)

Tossing away an aluminum can wastes as much energy as pouring out half of that can's volume of gasoline. (www.aluminum.org)

Enough aluminum cans were recycled last year to fill a hollow Empire State Building 24 times. (www.aluminum.org)

The 62.6 billion cans recycled last year alone would make 171 circles around the earth at its equator. (www.aluminum.org)

Some 119,482 cans are recycled every minute nationwide. (www.aluminum.org)

Over the past 10 years, the number of aluminum cans recycled has doubled. (www.aluminum.org)

More than one million tons of aluminum containers and packaging are thrown away each year. (www.aluminum.org)

Recycling 1 ton of aluminum saves the equivalent in energy of 2,350 gallons of gasoline. This is equivalent to the amount of electricity used by the average home over a period of 10 years. (www.aluminum.org)

By using recycled aluminum instead of virgin ore, aluminum manufactures save enough energy needed to supply electricity to a city the size of Pittsburgh for about six years. (www.aluminum.org)

In 2006, the amount of paper recovered for recycling averaged 357 pounds for each man, woman, and child in the United States. (http://earth911.org)

Every ton of paper recycled saves more than 3.3 cubic yards of landfill space. (http://earth911.org)

By 2012, the paper industry’s goal is to recover 55 percent of all the paper Americans consume for recycling, which is approximately 55 million tons of paper. (http://earth911.org)

More than 37 percent of the fiber used to make new paper products in the United States comes from recycled sources. (http://earth911.org)

86 percent (approximately 254 million) of Americans have access to curbside or drop-off paper recycling programs. (http://earth911.org)

Every month, we throw out enough recyclable glass bottles and jars to fill up a giant skyscraper. (www.recycling-revolution.com)

The energy saved from recycling one glass bottle can run a 100-watt light bulb for four hours. It also causes 20% less air pollution and 50% less water pollution than when a new bottle is made from raw materials. (www.recycling-revolution.com)

Every year, Americans throw away enough office and writing paper to build a wall 12 feet high, stretching from Los Angeles to New York City. (www.fairfaxcounty.gov)

Recycling one ton of paper saves one acre of trees. (www.fairfaxcounty.gov)

If all the glass bottles and jars collected through recycling in the U.S. in one year were laid end-to-end, they would reach the Moon and half way back to the Earth. (www.fairfaxcounty.gov)

The volume of glass recycled by Americans in one year would fill New Jersey's Giants Stadium more than three times. (www.fairfaxcounty.gov)

Glass can be recycled an infinite number of times. (www.fairfaxcounty.gov)

The energy saved from recycling one glass bottle will light a 100-watt bulb for four hours. (www.fairfaxcounty.gov)

See more trash facts

STAY CONNECTED

Stay informed. Sign up here for electronic mailings of regular waste management industry news.

Contact Us

Landfills

Municipal Solid Waste Landfills

Although greater amounts of municipal solid waste (MSW) have been recycled and composted in the last forty years, the majority of MSW generated in the United States is safely disposed of in landfills. No longer the the "garbage dumps" of years past, today’s modern MSW landfills are well-engineered facilities that are regulated under strict federal and state regulations to ensure protection of human health and the environment. Modern MSW landfills are operated, located, designed, monitored, closed, and cared for after closure to ensure environmental performance. In addition, modern MSW landfills collect and treat the leachate (the water that passes through the waste) and gas (from the decomposition of the waste). Recovered landfill gas can be converted into energy (electricity, steam, heat, vehicle fuel) to reduce America’s dependence on petroleum products.

Cross-Section of a Modern MSW Landfill
A graphic depiction of the major components of a MSW landfill in compliance with federal regulations.

Typical

Typical Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Components

Liner System Liner systems can include clay, geotextiles, and/or plastics on the bottom and sides of the landfill to prevent liquids from leaving the landfill and impacting groundwater resources. In the cross-section, the liner system is comprised of a compacted liner overlain by a synthetic liner.

Leachate Collection System Leachate collection system (LCS) is placed on top of the liner to collect and remove water (rainwater or liquids contained in the waste) draining through the waste. The water passing through the waste is typically referred to as leachate. Leachate collected in the LCS is treated on- or off-site.

Cap System A final cap with the same hydraulic conductivity as the liner is placed on top of the landfill when the final height has been reached. On top of the hydraulic barrier, a vegetative layer is installed to grow vegetation. The cap system prevents precipitation from infiltrating into landfill after closure.

Gas Collection System A gas collection system is installed in the landfill using perforated vertical (wells) and horizontal pipes to prevent methane and other trace organic gases from escaping. The gas is extracted under vacuum and pumped to a destruction devise such as a flare or energy utilization facility.

Surface Water Control System A network of storm water drainage channels are installed on and around the landfill to collect precipitation and collect it rainwater retention pond. The storm water collection system controls erosion on the cap and adjacent areas to prevent surface water contamination.

Monitoring System A comprehensive environmental monitoring system is installed around the landfill to ensure that the liner system and gas collection system is operating properly and human health and the environment are protected.

 

Federal MSW Landfill Regulations – The federal requirements contain location restrictions, liner requirements, operating practices, groundwater-monitoring requirements, closure and post-closure care requirements, corrective action requirements, and financial assurance requirements for all active MSW landfills.

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Municipal Solid Waste Landfills – The NESHAP standards contain federal requirements for controlling the gas emissions from larger MSW landfills as defined in the regulations.

Bioreactor Landfills: A Viable Technology – An NSWMA Research Bulletin that describes the benefits of liquids addition and management in promoting rapid waste decomposition.

NSWMA’s 2005 Tipping Fee Survey – A research bulletin that reports on the “spot market” tip fees for some 800 privately owned MSW landfills and tracks historical trends in tipping fees.

Guide for Industrial Waste Management - An EPA resource that provides state-of-the art tools and practices to enable states, companies and communities to properly manage industrial waste.

Managing Solid Waste Facilities to Prevent Odors - a research paper describing methods to control odors at landfills and transfer stations.

Solid Waste Landfills and Residential Property Values - one common misconception about landfills is that they have a negative effect on property values. While the impact of landfills on adjacent property values cannot be easily generalized, academic research indicates that residential property values are not necessarily adversely affected by close proximity to disposal facilities.

Modern Landfills - A Far Cry from the Past is an NSWMA White Paper on changes in landfill technology.

NSWMA comments on regulatory proposal to ship garbage from Hawaii to the mainland.

NSWMA comments on EPA "Pre-Decisional Draft: Disposal of Domestic Birds Infected by Avian Influenza"

Occasionally, NSWMA files legal briefs in legal cases affecting landfills. The amicus brief in Waste Management v Reheis concerned an attempt to close the Live Oak Landfill, a properly permitted landfill in Georgia, even though the state environmental agency presented no evidence of any threat to the public health or safety.