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KNOW YOUR TRASH FACTS

About 80% of what Americans throw away is recyclable, yet our recycling rate is just 33%. (Environmental Protection Agency)

More than ½ million trees are saved each year by recycling paper in Boulder County. (Eco-Cycle)

By recycling more than 57,000 tons of steel cans, we reduce greenhouse gasses equivalent to taking more than 21,000 cars off the road each year. (WM)

Recycling glass instead of making it from silica sand reduces mining waste by 70%, water use by 50%, and air pollution by 20%. (Environmental Defense Fund)

If we recycled all of the newspapers printed in the U.S. on a typical Sunday, we would save 550,000 trees—or about 26 million trees per year. (California Department of Conservation)

The energy saved each year by steel recycling is equal to the electrical power used by 18 million homes each year—or enough energy to last Los Angeles residents for eight years. (Steel Recycling Institute)

The total volume of solid waste produced in the U.S. each year is equal to the weight of more than 5,600 Nimitz Class air craft carriers, 247,000 space shuttles, or 2.3 million Boeing 747 jumbo jets. (Beck)

An average kitchen-size bag of trash contains enough energy to light a 100-watt light bulb for more than 24 hours. (Covanta)

The solid waste industry currently produces more than half of America's renewable energy, more than combined energy outputs of the solar, geothermal, hydroelectric, and wind power industries. (U.S. DOE, Energy Information Administration)

Recycling 1 ton of paper saves 17 trees, 2 barrels of oil (enough to run the average car for 1,260 miles), 4,100 kilowatts of energy (enough power for the average home for 6 months), 3.2 cubic yards of landfill space, and 60 pounds of air pollution. (Trash to Cash)

Recycling just one aluminum can saves enough energy to operate a TV for 3 hours. (Eco-Cycle)

Glass can be recycled an indefinite number of times and never wears out. (National Recycling Coalition)

Making glass from recycled material cuts related water pollution by 50%. (National Recycling Coalition)

If we put all of the solid waste collected in the U.S. in a line of average garbage trucks, that line of trucks could cross the country, extending from New York City to Los Angeles, more than 100 times. (Beck)

Five PET bottles (plastic soda bottles) yield enough fiber for one extra large T-shirt, one square food of carpet or enough fiber fill to fill one ski jacket. (National Recycling Coalition)

The average person has the opportunity to recycle more than 25,000 cans in a lifetime. (National Recycling Coalition)

Americans throw away enough office paper each year to build a 12-foot-high wall of paper from New York to Seattle. (National Recycling Coalition)

The average American discards seven and a half pounds of garbage every day. (National Recycling Coalition)

Once an aluminum can is recycled, it's back on the grocery shelf as another aluminum can in 60 days. (www.aluminum.org)

Americans throw away enough aluminum every three months to rebuild our entire commercial air fleet. (www.aluminum.org)

Tossing away an aluminum can wastes as much energy as pouring out half of that can's volume of gasoline. (www.aluminum.org)

Enough aluminum cans were recycled last year to fill a hollow Empire State Building 24 times. (www.aluminum.org)

The 62.6 billion cans recycled last year alone would make 171 circles around the earth at its equator. (www.aluminum.org)

Some 119,482 cans are recycled every minute nationwide. (www.aluminum.org)

Over the past 10 years, the number of aluminum cans recycled has doubled. (www.aluminum.org)

More than one million tons of aluminum containers and packaging are thrown away each year. (www.aluminum.org)

Recycling 1 ton of aluminum saves the equivalent in energy of 2,350 gallons of gasoline. This is equivalent to the amount of electricity used by the average home over a period of 10 years. (www.aluminum.org)

By using recycled aluminum instead of virgin ore, aluminum manufactures save enough energy needed to supply electricity to a city the size of Pittsburgh for about six years. (www.aluminum.org)

In 2006, the amount of paper recovered for recycling averaged 357 pounds for each man, woman, and child in the United States. (http://earth911.org)

Every ton of paper recycled saves more than 3.3 cubic yards of landfill space. (http://earth911.org)

By 2012, the paper industry’s goal is to recover 55 percent of all the paper Americans consume for recycling, which is approximately 55 million tons of paper. (http://earth911.org)

More than 37 percent of the fiber used to make new paper products in the United States comes from recycled sources. (http://earth911.org)

86 percent (approximately 254 million) of Americans have access to curbside or drop-off paper recycling programs. (http://earth911.org)

Every month, we throw out enough recyclable glass bottles and jars to fill up a giant skyscraper. (www.recycling-revolution.com)

The energy saved from recycling one glass bottle can run a 100-watt light bulb for four hours. It also causes 20% less air pollution and 50% less water pollution than when a new bottle is made from raw materials. (www.recycling-revolution.com)

Every year, Americans throw away enough office and writing paper to build a wall 12 feet high, stretching from Los Angeles to New York City. (www.fairfaxcounty.gov)

Recycling one ton of paper saves one acre of trees. (www.fairfaxcounty.gov)

If all the glass bottles and jars collected through recycling in the U.S. in one year were laid end-to-end, they would reach the Moon and half way back to the Earth. (www.fairfaxcounty.gov)

The volume of glass recycled by Americans in one year would fill New Jersey's Giants Stadium more than three times. (www.fairfaxcounty.gov)

Glass can be recycled an infinite number of times. (www.fairfaxcounty.gov)

The energy saved from recycling one glass bottle will light a 100-watt bulb for four hours. (www.fairfaxcounty.gov)

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Waste Combustion

What is combustion?

Incinerators are specially designed furnaces for the combustion of municipal solid waste. Waste-to-energy facilities burn garbage and recover the heat energy for alternative uses such as generating electricity or steam. Incinerators without energy recovery simply burn garbage and allow the heat to escape to the atmosphere.

How many waste incinerators operate in America?

Of these, 86 waste-to-energy plants were operating in America in 2008, down from 102 in 2000. The Northeast has 40 of these plants, with 21 in the South, 1 in the South Central, 16 in the Midwest and 8 in the West.

Who owns these waste combustion systems?

The public sector and private companies each own half of the operating facilities.

How much garbage is combusted?

In 2008, 26 million tons, or 10.4 percent of America’s garbage, was incinerated. American waste-to-energy facilities have capacity to process more than 97,000 tons of municipal solid waste per day. In most cases, the stated design capacity is greater than the actual amount of garbage burned, which is assumed to be 85 percent of rated capacity. The Northeast had the most waste-to-energy combustion capacity in 2008.

How much does it cost to dispose of trash in at an incinerator?

The average tipping fee at incinerators in the United States was $61.64 per ton in 2004. Average tipping fees for incinerators have risen steadily since 1982 when the average was $12.91 per ton. NSWMA’s tipping fee survey has more information.

How much electricity is produced by waste-to-energy facilities?

The nation’s waste-to-energy facilities have the capacity to generate the energy equivalent of 2,790 megawatt hours of electricity, including an electric generating capacity of 2,572 megawatts and an equivalent of 218 megawatts based on steam exports estimated at approximately 2.8 million pounds per hour, enough to power 1.6 million homes.

What remains after MSW is combusted?

When garbage is burned, ash is left on the combustion grates, much like ash is left on a fireplace. Ash is also extracted from the flue gases by air pollution control (APC) equipment. The combustion grate ash is called “bottom ash” and flue gas ash is called “fly ash”. Through the incineration process, the MSW volume is reduced by about 90 percent while the weight is reduced by about 75 percent (actual percentages will vary from facility to facility).

How are bottom ash and fly ash managed?

The two kinds of ash are usually managed together by the facility. Most is landfilled in MSW landfills or in monofills designed only to take ash. Some ash is reused for in road bed construction. Waste combustor ash is tested according to federal and state leaching standards (e.g., EPA’s toxicity characteristic leaching procedure test) and has consistently passed these tests.

Do waste-to-energy facilities cause air pollution?

No. Waste-to-energy facilities must achieve compliance with the air pollution requirements of the Clean Air Act Section 129. Waste-to-energy facilities employ sophisticated air pollution control equipment including:

  • A bag house that works like a giant vacuum cleaner with filter bags that clean the air of soot (particulates), smoke, and metals;
  • A scrubber that sprays a slurry of lime into the hot exhaust gas that neutralizes acid gases and improves the capture of certain metals (e.g., mercury);
  • Selective non-catalytic reduction systems that convert nitrogen oxides (a cause of urban smog) to nitrogen by spraying ammonia into the hot flue gases; and
  • Carbon injection systems that blow charcoal into the exhaust gases to sorb metals and control dioxin emissions.