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KNOW YOUR TRASH FACTS

About 80% of what Americans throw away is recyclable, yet our recycling rate is just 33%. (Environmental Protection Agency)

More than ½ million trees are saved each year by recycling paper in Boulder County. (Eco-Cycle)

By recycling more than 57,000 tons of steel cans, we reduce greenhouse gasses equivalent to taking more than 21,000 cars off the road each year. (WM)

Recycling glass instead of making it from silica sand reduces mining waste by 70%, water use by 50%, and air pollution by 20%. (Environmental Defense Fund)

If we recycled all of the newspapers printed in the U.S. on a typical Sunday, we would save 550,000 trees—or about 26 million trees per year. (California Department of Conservation)

The energy saved each year by steel recycling is equal to the electrical power used by 18 million homes each year—or enough energy to last Los Angeles residents for eight years. (Steel Recycling Institute)

The total volume of solid waste produced in the U.S. each year is equal to the weight of more than 5,600 Nimitz Class air craft carriers, 247,000 space shuttles, or 2.3 million Boeing 747 jumbo jets. (Beck)

An average kitchen-size bag of trash contains enough energy to light a 100-watt light bulb for more than 24 hours. (Covanta)

The solid waste industry currently produces more than half of America's renewable energy, more than combined energy outputs of the solar, geothermal, hydroelectric, and wind power industries. (U.S. DOE, Energy Information Administration)

Recycling 1 ton of paper saves 17 trees, 2 barrels of oil (enough to run the average car for 1,260 miles), 4,100 kilowatts of energy (enough power for the average home for 6 months), 3.2 cubic yards of landfill space, and 60 pounds of air pollution. (Trash to Cash)

Recycling just one aluminum can saves enough energy to operate a TV for 3 hours. (Eco-Cycle)

Glass can be recycled an indefinite number of times and never wears out. (National Recycling Coalition)

Making glass from recycled material cuts related water pollution by 50%. (National Recycling Coalition)

If we put all of the solid waste collected in the U.S. in a line of average garbage trucks, that line of trucks could cross the country, extending from New York City to Los Angeles, more than 100 times. (Beck)

Five PET bottles (plastic soda bottles) yield enough fiber for one extra large T-shirt, one square food of carpet or enough fiber fill to fill one ski jacket. (National Recycling Coalition)

The average person has the opportunity to recycle more than 25,000 cans in a lifetime. (National Recycling Coalition)

Americans throw away enough office paper each year to build a 12-foot-high wall of paper from New York to Seattle. (National Recycling Coalition)

The average American discards seven and a half pounds of garbage every day. (National Recycling Coalition)

Once an aluminum can is recycled, it's back on the grocery shelf as another aluminum can in 60 days. (www.aluminum.org)

Americans throw away enough aluminum every three months to rebuild our entire commercial air fleet. (www.aluminum.org)

Tossing away an aluminum can wastes as much energy as pouring out half of that can's volume of gasoline. (www.aluminum.org)

Enough aluminum cans were recycled last year to fill a hollow Empire State Building 24 times. (www.aluminum.org)

The 62.6 billion cans recycled last year alone would make 171 circles around the earth at its equator. (www.aluminum.org)

Some 119,482 cans are recycled every minute nationwide. (www.aluminum.org)

Over the past 10 years, the number of aluminum cans recycled has doubled. (www.aluminum.org)

More than one million tons of aluminum containers and packaging are thrown away each year. (www.aluminum.org)

Recycling 1 ton of aluminum saves the equivalent in energy of 2,350 gallons of gasoline. This is equivalent to the amount of electricity used by the average home over a period of 10 years. (www.aluminum.org)

By using recycled aluminum instead of virgin ore, aluminum manufactures save enough energy needed to supply electricity to a city the size of Pittsburgh for about six years. (www.aluminum.org)

In 2006, the amount of paper recovered for recycling averaged 357 pounds for each man, woman, and child in the United States. (http://earth911.org)

Every ton of paper recycled saves more than 3.3 cubic yards of landfill space. (http://earth911.org)

By 2012, the paper industry’s goal is to recover 55 percent of all the paper Americans consume for recycling, which is approximately 55 million tons of paper. (http://earth911.org)

More than 37 percent of the fiber used to make new paper products in the United States comes from recycled sources. (http://earth911.org)

86 percent (approximately 254 million) of Americans have access to curbside or drop-off paper recycling programs. (http://earth911.org)

Every month, we throw out enough recyclable glass bottles and jars to fill up a giant skyscraper. (www.recycling-revolution.com)

The energy saved from recycling one glass bottle can run a 100-watt light bulb for four hours. It also causes 20% less air pollution and 50% less water pollution than when a new bottle is made from raw materials. (www.recycling-revolution.com)

Every year, Americans throw away enough office and writing paper to build a wall 12 feet high, stretching from Los Angeles to New York City. (www.fairfaxcounty.gov)

Recycling one ton of paper saves one acre of trees. (www.fairfaxcounty.gov)

If all the glass bottles and jars collected through recycling in the U.S. in one year were laid end-to-end, they would reach the Moon and half way back to the Earth. (www.fairfaxcounty.gov)

The volume of glass recycled by Americans in one year would fill New Jersey's Giants Stadium more than three times. (www.fairfaxcounty.gov)

Glass can be recycled an infinite number of times. (www.fairfaxcounty.gov)

The energy saved from recycling one glass bottle will light a 100-watt bulb for four hours. (www.fairfaxcounty.gov)

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History of Solid Waste Management

During the course of history, human progress often has been linked to advances (or failures) to properly manage waste. Solid waste professionals have been and continue to be environmentalists. In fact, we've been environmentalists for millennia before such a concept even existed. Here is a historical timeline of significant developments in waste management, as well as some other events that impacted the way that we manage or look at our garbage.

Early America & Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century in Europe and the Americas. The availability of raw materials, increased trade and growing populations stimulated new inventions and the development of machinery. Growing populations and increased production led to greater amounts of waste. Government officials and the public increasingly became concerned about waste. To avoid the potential problems associated with unmanaged waste in urban environments, the "Age of Sanitation" began. In many communities, organized waste collection and disposal systems were instituted. Some of the earliest organized environmental efforts also occurred during this period.

The advent of systemic waste management did not put an end to scavengers or the the recycling function that they performed, but it did eventually shift the locus of scavenging from the streets to dumps. Many people lived by selling what they could find in other peoples rubbish, even dogs' dung which was valuable as it was used by tanners for purifying leather.

  • 'Toshers' worked in the sewers, a dangerous and smelly way to make a living, but lucrative as they found coins, bits of metal, ropes and sometimes jewelery.
  • 'Mud-larks' scavenged for garbage on the river banks.
  • 'Dustmen' collected the ash from coal fires. More than three and a half million tons of coal were burned in London in a year. The dust was taken to dust-yards. Here men, women and children worked on the heaps of trash, sieving the brieze or course section of the dust so it could be used as a soil conditioner and for brick making.
  • Later in the 1800's, when household waste in England was collected daily in moveable ash bins, the waste was sorted by hand, generally by women or girls, into salvageable materials, for instance materials such as glass and metal were returned to merchants.
Images from a 1903 film by Thomas Edison of a group of about thirty men and boys who are sorting refuse at the New York City Sanitation Department's East 17th Street facility (Library of Congress). Download video here: Real Media | MPEG | Quick Time Movie.
Images from a 1903 film by Thomas Edison of the New York City White Wings marching in a parade (Library of Congress). New York employed 2,000 of these white-clad employees to clear the streets and cart off garbage. Download video here: Real Media | MPEG | Quick Time Movie.

 

Earlier and later historical information here:

 

Early America & Industrial Revolution: Timeline

1657

New Amsterdam (now New York City) passed a law against casting waste in the streets.

1690

Rittenhouse Mill, America’s first paper mill, opened in Philadelphia, making paper from recycled cotton and linen as well as used paper.

1710

Colonists in Virginia commonly buried their trash. Holes were filled with building debris, broken glass or ceramic objects, oyster shells and animal bones. They also threw away hundreds of suits of armor that were sent to protect colonists from arrows of native inhabitants.

1739

Some historians trace the beginnings of the environmental movement back to 1739, when Benjamin Franklin led an effort, citing "public rights," to petition the Pennsylvania Assembly to stop commercial waste dumping in Philadelphia and remove tanneries from Philadelphia's commercial district.

1757

Benjamin Franklin started the first American municipal street-cleaning operation in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

1776

The first metal recycling in America occured when patriots in New York City melted down a statue of King George III and made it into bullets.

1792

Benjamin Franklin used slaves to carry Philadelphia's waste downstream.

1834

Charleston, West Virginia, enacted a law protecting vultures from hunters, as the birds helped eat the city's garbage.

1842

A report in England linked disease to filthy environmental conditions and helped launch the "Age of Sanitation."

1848

In Britain, the Public Health Act of 1848 began the process of waste regulation.

1850

Junk dealers in Reno, Nevada scavenged personal belongings from the Oregon, Santa Fe and California trails. Pioneers abandoned the items on the long trek west.

1860

Residents of Washington, D.C. dumped garbage and slop into alleys and streets, pigs and dogs roam freely, and rats and cockroaches infested most dwellings including the White House.

1864

Health officials in Memphis, Tennessee, decided there might be a correlation between the spread of Yellow Fever in the Memphis area and garbage being dumped throughout the city. To reduce the threat of disease, residents were told to take their garbage to specific locations on the edge of town.

1866

New York City's Metropolitan Board of Health declared war on garbage, forbidding the "throwing of dead animals, garbage or ashes into the streets." (Years later, it was reported that New York City scavengers still removed 15,000 horse carcasses...Most of these horses had belonged to the city and pulled street cars.)

1872

New York City stopped dumping its garbage from a platform built over the East River. (They continued dumping it into the Atlantic Ocean for decades.)

1874

Energy from waste began its development in Britain as the first "destructor" was designed and constructed in Nottingham. Destructors were prototype incineration plants which burnt mixed fuel producing steam to generate electricity. During the next 30 years, 250 destructors were built in Britain. They subsequently were opposed on the grounds of emissions of ashes, dust and charred paper which fell onto the surrounding neighbourhood.

1875

In order to prevent mass scavenging, and cleanup the country, the British Public Health Act of 1875 was created to give authority for waste collection. The first concept of a movable garbage receptacle (dust bin) was created to store ash waste. These bins were collected/emptied weekly.

1878

Memphis, Tennessee, Mayor John Flippin organized garbage collection at homes and businesses with small wooden carts pulled by mules.

1880

Historical data showed that fewer than one quarter of America's cities could boast of a municipally organized system for disposing of waste.

1885

The first American garbage incinerator was built on Governor's Island, New York. (During the next two decades, nearly 200 garbage incinerators were built throughout the United States.)

1889

In Washington, D.C., a health officer reported that "Appropriate places for [refuse] are becoming scarcer year by year, and the question as to some other method of disposal...must soon confront us. Already the inhabitants in proximity to the public dumps are beginning to complain..."

1890

The British Paper Company was established specifically to make paper and board from recycled materials. Waste paper was obtained from organisations such as the Salvation Army and rag-and-bone men.

It was reported that as many as 750,000 watermelon rinds were discarded during the summer months in New York City.

1893

Boston Sanitary Committee found that a large number of citizens (to get rid of their garbage and avoid paying for its collection) "burned it, wrapped it up in paper and carried it on their way to work and dropped it when unobserved, or threw it into vacant lots or into the river."

1894

Harper's Weekly reported that "...the garbage problem is the one question of sanitation that is uppermost in the minds of local authorities [in the United States]."

The citizens of Alexandria, Virginia became disgusted by the sight of barge loads of garbage floating down the Potomac River from Washington, D.C. They started sinking the barges upriver from their community.

1895

New York City's Street Cleaning Commissioner organized the first U.S. comprehensive system of public-sector garbage management. The service employed 2,000 white-clad employees, known as "White Wings," to clear the streets and cart off garbage to dumps, incinerators, the Atlantic Ocean and the first rubbish sorting plant for recycling in the U.S.

1896

Waste reduction plants, which compressed organic wastes to extract grease, oils, and other by-products, were introduced to the U.S. from Vienna, Austria. The plants later were closed because of their noxious emissions.

1899

The federal Rivers and Harbors Act restricts dumping in all navigable rivers, to keep them open for shipping.

Earlier and later information here:

 

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